Phylum Bryozoa (aka Ectoprocta) — Moss Animals
Characteristics
- Have lophophore (ciliated O- or U-shaped ridge around mouth)
- Three-part body plan with U-shaped gut
- Individuals tiny (<1 mm) but form colonies (via budding)
- Colonies have variety of forms (encrusting, branched, etc.)
- Each individual housed in a secreted casing (Cystid)
- Lophophore forms tentacles that can be protruded or retracted
- Mostly marine, some fresh-water
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Spiral Bryozoan, Bugula sp., portion of colony; stained whole-mount.
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Freshwater bryozoan, Pectinatella magnifica, individual zooid; stained whole-mount, 40x
See also labeled photo
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Unidentified bryozoan colonies
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Derby Hat Bryozoan colony, Eurystomella bilabiata; CA
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Lacy-crust Bryozoan colony, Membranipora villosa; CA
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Phylum Brachiopoda — Lamp Shells
Characteristics
- Superficially Mollusc-like, with 2-valve shell
- One valve is dorsal, one ventral (mollusc valves are right and left)
- Have lophophore (ciliated O- or U-shaped ridge around mouth)
- Three-part body plan with U-shaped gut
- Usually with stalk (pedicle) to attach to substrate
- Marine, benthic
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Brachiopod Fossils; Ordovician, KY
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Lamp Shells, Lingula sp., preserved specimens
See also labeled photo
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Articulate Brachiopod, Terebratella sp., preserved specimens
See also labeled photo
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Phylum Phoronida — Horseshoe Worms
Characteristics
- Tube-dwelling worm-like animals
- U-shaped Lophophore is retractible
- Typically around 12 cm long
- Hemoglobin in blood imparts red color
- 14 species, all are marine
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Phoronid Worm, Phoronis sp., partly extruded from its tube
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Phoronid Worm, Phoronis sp.
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